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Capitalism
An economic system that features private ownership of the means of production (such as factories, offices, and shipping enterprises) and in which market forces determine the way in which goods are produced and the means by which income and profit are distributed is called capitalism.
Other names for this system are free market economy and free enterprise. All three terms were coined in the late 19th and the early 20th century to describe this economic system.
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Adam Smith is considered one of the "fathers" of modern thought on capitalism.
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